Cellular adaptations

Hyperplasia (increased cell number)

Lung - goblet cell hyperplasia (asthma)
Endometrium - glandular hyperplasia (gross appearance and virtual microscopy)
Prostate - benign hyperplasia (gross appearance, microscopy and virtual microscopy)

Hypertrophy (increased cell mass)

Heart - hypertensive hypertrophy
Uterus - hypertrophy of uterine smooth muscle cells in pregnancy ( digital microscopy slide - compare with a non-pregnant uterus here)

Atrophy (decreased cell mass)

Metaplasia (replacement of one differentiated cell type with another)

Tissue damage and cell death

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) - microscopy and an animation of apoptotic pathways

caseous (in pulmonary tuberculosis) - gross and microscopic
contraction band (in the heart) - microscopic
coagulative (in the heart) - virtual slide of myocardial infarction
coagulative (in the testes) - virtual slide
liquefactive (in the brain) - gross appearance and microscopy of a healing cerebral infarct
fat necrosis (in the pancreas) - gross appearance
fat necrosis (pericolic) - virtual slide
tumour necrosis - virtual slide

Thrombosis (inappropriate activation of blood clotting in uninjured vasculature, or after minor injury)

Thromboembolus (passage of a thrombus through the vasculature from its place of formation to a distant site)

Lung - 'saddle' thromboembolus (gross)
Lung - pulmonary thromboembolus (gross) and microscopic
Lung - partially healed thromboembolus (microscopic) and recanalised healing/ healed thromboembolus (microscopic)
Lung - thromboembolus (digital slide)

Bone marrow embolus (passing into the pulmonary circulation from a fractured bone) (digital slide)

For more on non-thrombotic pulmonary emboli, read here.

Ischaemic necrosis of tissue caused by occlusion of the arterial blood supply, or obstruction of the venous drainage.

Ischaemia (restriction of the blood supply to an organ or tissue, compromising cellular function).

Heart - myocardial infarction (digital slide of acute infarction)
Heart - digital slide of infarction of varying ages
Lung - recent haemorrhagic infarct (gross)
Lung - acute haemorrhagic infarct (gross)
Lung - acute haemorrhagic infarct (gross)
Kidney - wedge-shaped infarct (gross and microscopic)
Spleen - wedge-shaped infarcts (gross)
Liver - infarction following portal vein thrombosis (digital slide)
Brain - early infarction (haemorrhagic middle cerebral artery territory) (gross)
Brain - established cerebral cortical infarct with liquefactive necrosis (gross)
Pituitary gland - infarction

Acute and sub-acute

Brain - acute meningitis (gross)
Brain - cerebral abscess (radiology)
Lung - acute bacterial bronchopneumonia (gross)
Lung - acute bacterial pneumonia (microscopic)
Lung - bronchopneumonia (digital slide)
Lung - lobar pneumonia (gross)
Lung - lobar pneumonia (diffuse involvement of the lower lobe and patchy involvement of the upper lobe) (gross)
Lung - acute lobar pneumonia (microscopic)
Lung - pneumonia with abscess formation (digital slide)
Lung - viral pneumonia (herpes simplex) (gross)
Lung - viral pneumonia (herpes simplex) (microscopic)
Lung - cytomegalovirus (CMV) inclusions (microscopic) and here
Lung - respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) inclusions (microscopic)
Lung - Churg-Strauss vasculitis (microscopic)
Lung - septic vasculitis in acute pneumonia (microscopic)
Lung - pulmonary hypertension-related vasculitis (microscopic)
Heart - pericarditis (digital slide)
Heart - bacterial endocarditis (digital slide)
Heart - bacterial endocarditis (digital slide)
Heart - myocarditis (digital slide)
Heart - acute myocardial infarction (digital slide)
Pancreas - acute pancreatitis (digital slide)
Appendix - acute gangrenous appendicitis (digital slide)

Chronic

Granulomatous inflammation

Lung - tuberculosis (digital slide)
Lung - early tuberculosis granuloma (with apoptotic debris and Langhan's Giant cells) (microscopic)
Lung - Tuberculosis granuloma (microscopic)
Lung - bronchocentric tuberculosis granuloma (microscopic)
Lung - tuberculosis granuloma involving a blood vessel (tuberculous vasculitis) (microscopic)
Lung - sarcoidosis (microscopic)
Lung - sarcoidosis with fibrosis (microscopic)
Sub-mandibular salivary gland - sarcoidosis (digital slide)
Lung - foreign body 'giant cell reaction' (aspiration of gastric contents including vegetable material) (microscopic)
Knee - foreign body-type granulomatous reaction to silicone following arthroplasty (digital slide)
Lung - foreign body embolisation with giant cell response and granuloma formation (intravenous drug abuse) (microscopic)
Lung - hypersensitivity pneumonia with granuloma formation (microscopic)

Mixed acute and chronic inflammation

Lung - abscess (gross)
Lung - multiple lung abscesses (microscopic)
Penis (foreskin) - abscess (digital slide)
Lung - asthma (hyperinflated lung with lower lobe rib fracture-related lacerations) (gross)
Stomach - chronic peptic ulcer with acute inflammation in ulcer 'slough' (digital slide)
Skin - ulceration and repair (digital slide)
Lung - tuberculous plueritis (microscopic)
Colon - ulcerative colitis (digital slide)